English · Türkçe · Deutsch · Français
Mastering Irregular Past Participles
In the passato prossimo (present perfect), most Italian verbs follow regular rules. However, many common verbs have irregular past participles that you simply need to memorize!
Key Irregular Verbs with Avere
- Fare (to do/make) → fatto (done/made)
- Dire (to say/tell) → detto (said/told)
- Leggere (to read) → letto (read)
- Scrivere (to write) → scritto (written)
Key Irregular Verbs with Essere
- Venire (to come) → venuto/a (come)
- Nascere (to be born) → nato/a (born)
- Morire (to die) → morto/a (dead)
Remember that when using essere, the past participle must match the gender and number of the subject (e.g., Maria è venuta vs Marco è venuto).
Common Mistake
Don't say "ho dicuto" for said! The correct irregular form is detto.
Words
fatto
done / made
Ho fatto una torta.I made a cake.
detto
said / told
Cosa hai detto?What did you say?
venuto
come
Marco è venuto ieri.Marco came yesterday.
scritto
written
Ho scritto una lettera.I wrote a letter.
letto
read
Hai letto questo libro?Have you read this book?
nato
born
Sono nato a Roma.I was born in Rome.
morto
dead / died
Il cane è morto.The dog died.
chiuso
closed
Hai chiuso la porta?Did you close the door?
Lessons are prepared with the help of AI.
Patterns
Ho ___ la/il ___
Used to say what you have done, written, read, or made.
Ho scritto la lettera.I wrote the letter.
È venuto ___
Used to say someone came to a place or time.
È venuto ieri.He came yesterday.